Chinese Classical Literature

小编导读：《蝜蝂传》是唐代文学家柳宗元的寓言作品。文章先描写小虫蝜蝂的生态，突出善负物、喜爬高的两个特性；然后笔锋一转，将“今世之嗜取者”与蝜蝂作比较描写，刻画出他们聚敛资财、贪婪成性、好往上爬、至死不悟的丑态，批判的矛头直指当时的腐败官场。全文前后两部分相互对应，意理一贯，内在逻辑十分严密，将小虫和官僚的形象淋漓尽致地揭示出来，用语精警，立意深刻。 《蝜蝂传》 柳宗元 蝜蝂者，善负小虫也。行遇物，辄持取，昂其首负之。背愈重，虽困剧不止也。其背甚涩，物积因不散，卒踬仆不能起。人或怜之，为去其负。苟能行，又持取如故。又好上高，极其力不已。至坠地死。 今世之嗜取者，遇货不避，以厚其室。不知为己累也，唯恐其不积。及其怠而踬也，黜弃之，迁徙之，亦以病矣。苟能起，又不艾，日思高其位，大其禄，而贪取滋甚，以近于危坠，观前之死亡不知戒。虽其形魁然大者也，其名人也，而智则小虫也。亦足哀夫！ Dung-Beetles Liu Zongyuan Dung-beetles like to carry loads. They pick up whatever lies in their path, raising their heads to carry it; and refuse to give up however heavy their load and however exhausted they are. Moreover, since their backs are abrasive, things piled on them will not slip off. So at last they stumble, fall, and cannot get up. Sometimes people take pity on them and remove their burden; but they pick it up again as soon as they can crawl on. They like climbing too, and press forward with all their might till they fall dead. There are people today in the world who are fond of gain, and...

小编导读：《罴说》是唐代文学家柳宗元的作品。这篇文章写一个猎人企图用竹管吹奏出鹿鸣的声音来诱杀鹿，结果反而招来其他猛兽，最终被罴所食。文章讽刺了那些没有真正本领却只凭侥幸混日子的人，并直接影射了当时的社会现实。全文生动的故事与严肃的立论两相结合，具有强烈的艺术感染力。 《罴说》 柳宗元 鹿畏貙，貙畏虎，虎畏罴。罴之状，被发人立，绝有力而甚害人焉。 楚之南有猎者，能吹竹为百兽之音。昔云：持弓矢，罂火而即之山，为鹿鸣以惑其类，伺其至，发火而射之。貙闻其鹿也，趋而至。其人恐，因为虎而骇之。貙走而虎至，愈恐，则又为罴，虎亦亡去。罴闻而求其类，至，则人也。捽搏挽裂而食之。 今夫不善内而恃外者，未有不为罴之食也。 The Bear Liu Zongyuan The deer is afraid of the jackal, the jackal of the tiger, and the tiger of the bear. The bear has shaggy hair and can stand on two legs. Its great strength makes it most dangerous to people. South of the land of Chu lived a hunter who could imitate the cries of all beasts on his bamboo pipe. One day, taking his bow and arrows and carrying embers in a pitcher, he climbed the hills to make the sound of a deer, so that when a deer came, attracted by the cry, he could show his light and shoot it. A jackal ran up, however, on hearing this cry; so the hunter took fright and make the noise of a tiger. As soon as the jackal left, though, a tiger arrived; then the hunter, ...

小编导读：《中夜起望西园值月上》是唐代文学家柳宗元创作于贬谪永州期间的一首诗。全诗八句四十字，构思新巧，诗人抓住在静夜中听到的各种细微的声响，来进行描写，以有声写无声，表现诗人所处环境的空旷寂寞，从而衬托他谪居中郁悒的情怀，即事成咏，随景寓情。从表面看来，似有自得之趣，而终难如陶、韦之超脱。 《中夜起望西园值月上》 柳宗元 觉闻繁露坠，开户临西园。 寒月上东岭，泠泠疏竹根。 石泉远逾响，山鸟时一喧。 倚楹遂至旦，寂寞将何言。 Getting up at Midnight to Look at West Garden under the First Quarter Moon Liu Zongyuan I woke and heard drippings of bounteous dew, And opened the window overlooking the west garden. Cold moon rose over the east ridge; Tinkling drips at the sparse bamboo shoots. Rocky springs sounded louder from afar; Mountain birds broke into a casual row. I leaned against the post all the way till dawn; Loneliness was much too for words.

小编导读：《渔翁》是唐代文学家柳宗元的诗作。此诗通过渔翁在山水间获得内心宁静的描写，表达了作者在政治革新失败、自身遭受打击后寻求超脱的心境。全诗就像一幅飘逸的风情画，充满了色彩和动感，境界奇妙动人。其中“烟销日出不见人，欸乃一声山水绿”两句尤为人所称道。 《渔翁》 柳宗元 渔翁夜傍西岩宿，晓汲清湘燃楚竹。 烟销日出不见人，欸乃一声山水绿。 回看天际下中流，岩上无心云相逐。 Fisherman Liu Zongyuan The fisherman moors by the west bluff for the night, He washes with Xiang water in the morn and burns bamboos of Chu. Mist and fog dissolve upon sunrise, no traces of people seen; He pushes off with a grunt into the greening waters and hills. Looking back at the heavens while he glides down in mid-stream, And clouds are seen casually racing one another past the cliff-tops.

小编导读：《江雪》是唐代诗人柳宗元的一首山水诗，描述了一幅江乡雪景图。山山是雪，路路皆白。飞鸟绝迹，人踪湮没。遐景苍茫，迩景孤冷。意境幽僻，情调凄寂。渔翁形象，精雕细琢，清晰明朗，完整突出。诗采用入声韵，韵促味永，刚劲有力。 《江雪》 柳宗元 千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。 孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。 River Snow Liu Zongyuan Mountains by the thousand but the last bird flown, And myriad footpaths with no human traces shown. Solitary boat and an old man in rush cape and cap, Alone fishing in the cold river snow.

小编导读：《雨后晓行独至愚溪北池》是唐代文学家柳宗元创作的一首山水诗。此诗描绘了愚池雨后的晨景，眼前景物的明丽动人，抒发了暂时忘却烦忧，醉情于清新明丽的大自然的喜悦之情，更是隐喻诗人怀揣着经历风雨后必定会红日升空的信念。 《雨后晓行独至愚溪北池》 柳宗元 宿云散洲渚，晓日明村坞。 高树临清池，风惊夜来雨。 予心适无事，偶此成宾主。 Solitary Morning Walk after the Rain to the Northern Pool of Yuxi Brook Liu Zongyuan Overnight clouds dispersed above the islet, Morning sun brightened the village dock. Tall trees towered over the clear pool, Winds scared loose the nocturnal rain. Lucky to have nothing weighing in my heart, And, by accident, played a host-guest part.

小编导读：《袁家渴记》是唐代文学家柳宗元创作的一篇山水游记的散文，是“永州八记”的第五篇。文章写景中夹以抒情，情景交融，曲折地表现了作者对贬谪永州、待罪南荒的欲言又止、欲罢无能的凄苦的心境和对无限广阔、无限自由的美好环境的追求，抒发了他对丑恶现实的愤懑之情。 《袁家渴记》 柳宗元 由冉溪西南，水行十里，山水之可取者五，莫若钴鉧潭。由溪口而西，陆行，可取者八九，莫若西山。由朝阳岩东南，水行，至芜江，可取者三，莫若袁家渴。皆永中幽丽奇处也。 楚、越之间方言，谓水之反流者为“渴”。音若“衣褐”之“褐”。渴，上与南馆高嶂合，下与百家濑合。其中重洲，小溪，澄潭，浅渚，间厕曲折。平者深黑，峻者沸白，舟行若穷，忽又无际。有小山出水中，山皆美石，上生青丛，冬夏常蔚然。其旁多岩洞，其下多白砾，其树多枫楠石楠楩槠樟柚。草则兰芷。又有异卉，类合欢而蔓生，轇轕水石。每风自四山而下，振动大木，掩苒众草，纷红骇绿，蓊葧香气；冲涛旋濑，退贮溪谷；摇扬葳蕤，与时推移。其大都如此。余无以穷其状。 永之人未尝游焉，余得之，不敢专也，出而传于世。其地世主袁氏，故以名焉。 Yuan Family Ghyll Liu Zongyuan Ten li southwest of the Ran by boat are five fine sights, of which Brazier Lake is the best. West of the mouth of the Ran by land are eight or nine fine sights, of which the Western Hill is the best. Southeast of Chaoyang Cliff by boat to the River Wu are three fine sights, of which Yuan Family Ghyll is the best. These quiet scenes are the beauty spots of Yongzhou. According to the local dialect, there is a special word, ghyll, for water-that-runs-in-the-opposite-direction-from-the-main-str...

小编导读：《石渠记》是唐代散文家柳宗元创作的一篇散文，《永州八记》的第六篇。文章记述了作者沿渠探幽，追求美景的事，表达了作者探奇制胜，拓宽胸怀，追求胜景借以抒发胸中积郁之气的感情。。 《石渠记》 柳宗元 自渴西南行不能百步，得石渠，民桥其上。有泉幽幽然，其鸣乍大，乍细。渠之广，或咫尺，或倍尺，其长可十许步。其流抵大石，伏出其下。 踰石而往，有石泓，昌蒲被之，青鲜环周。 又折西行，旁陷岩石下，北堕小潭。潭，幅员减百尺，清深多倏鱼。 又北，曲行纡余，睨若无穷，然卒入于渴。 其侧，皆诡石，怪木，奇卉，美箭，可列坐而庥焉。风摇其巅，韵动崖谷。视之既静，其听始远。 予从州牧得之。揽去翳朽，决疏土石，既崇而焚，既酾而盈。惜其未始有传焉者，故累记其所属，遗之其人，书之其阳，俾后好事者求之得以易。 元和七年正月八日，鷁渠至大石。十月十九日，踰石得石泓小潭，渠之美于是始穷也。 The Rocky Trough Liu Zongyuan Less than a hundred paces southwest from the ghyll, I found a rocky trough. A plank had been thrown across it. A spring bubbles out from the stones there, now gurgling merrily, now murmuring softly. This trough measures one to two feet across and about ten paces in length. The brook, coming to a great boulder, passes under it. Crossing this boulder, I came to a grotto overgrown with sweet flags and with green moss all around. There the brook turns west and dips sideway under a cliff, cascading northward into a little pool. This pool, less than a hundred feet around, is clear and...

小编导读：《石涧记》为唐代文学家柳宗元创作的一篇散文，为《永州八记》的第七篇。文章着重写石态水容，写涧中石和树的特色，描绘了石涧溪石的千姿百态，清流激湍，翠羽成荫，景色美丽宜人，表达了作者热爱自然，钟情山水的情怀，同时又书写了胸中愤郁，对自己的遭遇表示叹息和苦闷。 《石涧记》 柳宗元 石渠之事既穷，上由桥西北下土山之阴，民又桥焉。其水之大，倍石渠三之一。亘石为底，达于两涯。若床，若堂，若陈宴席，若限阃奥。水平布其上，流若织文，响若操琴。揭跣而往，折竹，扫陈叶，排腐木，可罗胡床十八九居之。交络之流，触激之音，皆在床下。翠羽之木，龙鳞之石，均荫其上。古之人其有乐乎此耶？后之来者，有能追予之践履耶？得意之日，与石渠同。 由渴而来者，先石渠，后石涧；由百家濑上而来者，先石涧，后石渠。 涧之可穷者，皆出石城村东南，其闲可乐者数焉。其上深山幽林，逾峭险，道狭不可穷也。 The Rocky Gorge Liu Zongyuan After exploring the trough I struck northwest from the bridge down the north side of the hill, to where another bridge has been made. The water here is one third wider than at the trough. And from bank to bank the brook is paved with rock which resembles in turn a couch, a hall, a banqueting table, or an inner chamber. The water flows smoothly over, with ripples like patterned silk and a sound like the strumming of a lyre. I tucked up my clothes and went barefoot, breaking off bamboos, sweeping away dead leaves and clearing the rotten wood, so that now eighteen or nineteen people ...

小编导读：《始得西山宴游记》是唐代文学家柳宗元的一篇散文，为《永州八记》的第一篇。此文记叙了作者发现和宴游西山的经过，描写了西山的怪特，抒发了对怀才不遇愤懑和现实丑恶的无奈之情。 《始得西山宴游记》 柳宗元 自余为僇人，居是州。恒惴慄。其隙也，则施施而行，漫漫而游。日与其徒上高山，入深林，穷廻溪，幽泉怪石，无远不到。到则披草而坐，倾壶而醉。醉则更相枕以卧。卧而梦，意有所极，梦亦同趣。觉而起，起而归。以为凡是州之山水有异态者，皆我有也，而未始知西山之怪特。 今年九月二十八日，因坐法华西亭，望西山，始指异之。遂命仆人过湘江，缘染溪，斫榛莽，焚茅茷，穷山之高而止。攀援而登，箕踞而遨，则凡数州之土壤，皆在衽席之下。其高下之势，岈然洼然，若垤若穴，尺寸千里，攒蹙累积，莫得遁隐。萦青缭白，外与天际，四望如一。然后知是山之特立，不与培塿为类，悠悠乎与颢气俱，而莫得其涯；洋洋乎与造物者游，而不知其所穷。引觞满酌，颓然就醉，不知日之入。苍然暮色，自远而至，至无所见，而犹不欲归。心凝形释，与万化冥合。然后知吾向之未始游，游于是乎始。 故为之文以志。是岁，元和四年也。 My First Visit to the Western Hill Liu Zongyuan After I was degraded I lived a most uneasy life in this district. I filled in my time with long walks and aimless rambles, climbed hills every day with my men, or explored deep woods and winding streams, visiting hidden springs and curious rocks no matter how distant. Once there, we would sit on the grass and pour out wine, to fall asleep when drunk resting our heads on each other while my dreams followed my roving fancy. Then, upon walking, we would rise and walk ba...

小编导读：《与浩初上人同看山寄京华亲故》为唐代文学家柳宗元的诗作。此诗表现了作者对故乡的深切思念之情，同时也表达了作者被贬谪的愤慨不平之意。前两句以剑喻山峰，谓其割人愁肠，“割”字照应上句“剑铓”的比喻，突出作者愁苦之深；后两句由峭拔似剑铓的群峰进一步产生出一个奇特的幻想，期望身化千亿，散上诸峰以望故乡。全诗因景生情，融情入景，想象奇特，比喻新颖，作者谪居的愁苦与望乡的悲哀在短短二十八字里表达得深挚感人，具有很强的艺术感染力。 《与浩初上人同看山寄京华亲故》 柳宗元 海畔尖山似剑芒，秋来处处割愁肠。 若为化得身千亿，散向峰头望故乡。 A Poem to Send to Friends in the Capital Liu Zongyuan Mountains by the seaside—sharp pointed swords: when autumn comes, wherever I look, they stab my grieving heart. If I could change into a million selves, I’d send one to climb each peak and gaze far off toward home.

《柳州二月榕叶落尽偶题》是唐代文学家柳宗元所创作的一首七言绝句，这是一首写景抒情的诗作，这首诗通过描述诗人在参与以王叔文为首的革新运动，失败后被贬作永州司马的途中的景色，来抒发在诗人心中的惆怅和不满的情绪。 《柳州二月榕叶落尽偶题》 柳宗元 宦情羁思共凄凄，春半如秋意转迷。 山城过雨百花尽，榕叶满庭莺乱啼。 An Impromptu Poem Written at Liuzhou On Seeing Banyan Trees Stripped of All Leaves Liu Zongyuan Despondent from frustration in career and separated from home, An autumnal feeling in mid-spring badly upsets me. After the rain no flowers in this mountain city remain; Banyan leaves strew the courtyard and orioles sing discordantly.

《重别梦得》是唐代文学家柳宗元创作的一首七绝。这是唐宪宗元和十年（815年）柳宗元在衡阳与刘禹锡分手时赠给刘禹锡三首诗中的一首。此诗先概括柳、刘二人共同经历的宦海浮沉和人世沧桑，再抒写转瞬又离别的悲伤，然后强忍悲痛，掩藏对前途的不祥预感，以安慰的口气与朋友相约。 《重别梦得》 柳宗元 二十年来万事同，今朝岐路忽西东。 皇恩若许归田去，晚岁当为邻舍翁。 On Parting Again with Mengde Liu Zongyuan In the past twenty years we have shared weal and woe; Now we must part with each other at the fork of the road. If His Majesty allowed me to quit and go farming, I would spend my remaining years as a next-door neighbor of yours.